Свежие репортажи
device_map["model.embed_tokens"] = 0
。WhatsApp網頁版对此有专业解读
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VFIO makes it worse. When a physical device is passed through to a guest via VFIO, the kernel pins the physical pages behind the guest RAM mapping and programs the device’s IOMMU (Input/Output Memory Management Unit) to allow DMA to those specific physical addresses. Pinning means the kernel promises not to move or reclaim those pages, because hardware is going to write directly to them. If you mmap over the guest RAM region, the new mapping gets new physical pages, but the IOMMU is still programmed with the old physical addresses. The device keeps doing DMA to the old pages, which are no longer the guest’s memory. At best you get silent data corruption, at worst the device writes to pages that have been reclaimed and assigned to something else entirely.